Jidka Afraad: Waxqabadka Kaaha Maxamed

Arar: Qoraalkan soo koobaya waxqabadka Kaaha aniga oo diyaariyay ayuu ii yimi warka dhiillada leh ee tebinaya geerida marwo Kaaha Maxamed. Waxay cisbitaal ku yaalla Talyaaniga ku geeriyootay Diseenbar 12, 2023. Hasayeeshee waxaan goostay in aanan qoraalka waxba ka beddelin, ee aan keli ah arartan ku soo kordhiyo. Kaaha waxa iskaaya baray turjumaadda buugga aabbaheed, Dr. Maxamed Aadan, oo aan u soo bandhigay ka dibna inta ay ila qaadatay ay igala shaqaysay bilaw ilaa dhammaad. Waxa isugu kaaya danbaysay Diseenbar 01, 2023, oo aannu iyada oo cisbitaalka ku jirta isugu hanbalyaynay in hawshii buuggu soo idlaatay. Dharaartaas oo uu gaadhay nuqulkii tijaabada ahaa waxay iyadoo nolol ka buuxda ii soo qortay: "Walaal, waa kan [buuggii] isagoo kumeelgaar ah; isbitaalkuu iigu yimi. Maalmo yar ka dibna kii dhammaadka ahaa baan meel walba dunida ka heli doonnaa. Mahadsanid." In ay iyadu mudan tahay, oo aanay la'aanteed hawshani geedkaa muuqda gaadheen baan u sheegay, iminkana aan qoraalkan ugu xusayaa, aniga oo ogsoon in ay niyaddii samayd iyo caqligii sarreeyay mar kasta inagula joogi doonto. Sida ugu habboon ee qoraa lagu xusi karaana waa in la baadigoobo ka dibna la soo helo waxa (ama waxyaabaha) uu waxqabadkiisu ina barayo. Taas baan halkan isku deyayaa in aan ku ballaysimo.

Kaaha Maxamed Aadan waxay caasimadda Soomaaliya, Muqdisho, ku dhalatay 1966. Halkaas bay dugsiga iyo waxbarashada asaasiga ah ka gashay. Waxay ku indha dillaacsatay Soomaaliya oo deggan oo ardayda yaryari afkooda Hooyo wax ku dhiganayaan. Laakiin wax kastaa sidii la rabey u may socon, ee sannaddii 1982 waxa markii labaad oo waqti dheer qaadan doona xabsiga lagu tuuray aabbaheed, Dr. Maxamed Aadan Sheekh, oo ahaa digtoor iyo hoggaamiye fekereed oo horusocod ah sababta loo qoonsadayna ay tahay in uu taliska Siyaad Barre wax ku diiday. Xadhiggaasi wuxuu socon doonaa ilaa lix sannadood, laakiin Kaaha iyo walaalaheed waxay keligood, iyaga oo aabbahood ku maqan yahay seelooyinka lamayaqaanka, u baxeen Talyaaniga sannaddii 1986. Dhawr sannadood ka dib ayuu Maxamed kaga daba tegi doonaa Talyaaniga, oo ay laabta is gelin doonaan ubadkiisii oo aanay toban sannadood indho iska qaadin.

Dhacdadaa iyo raadka ay qoyska, iyo qof ahaanteedaba, kaga tagtay waxay Kaahi ku diiwaangelisay sheekadeeda gaaban ee Af Talyaaniga ay 2004 ku qortay, “1982: fuga da casa” (1982: Ka-firdhashadii Hoyga). Tabtaas bay dhab ahaan dareemaysay, sida ay werinayso: in ay hoygeedii ka firdhatay! Dr. Maxamed Aadan qudhiisu xadhiggiisa wuxuu kaga sheekeeyay buuggiisa dhawaan Af Soomaaliga ku soo baxaya (ee aan turjumay) ee Waa Inoo Muqdisho: Xasuusqorka Geeljire Soomaaliyeed. Waxay se ku kala geddisan yihiin, in ay is kaabayaan: Digtoorku wuxuu ka warramayaa sidii Baydhabo looga soo qabtay, Kaahina sidii gurigooda inta loogu yimi loo gelalafay iyadoo in yar ka hor uun odaygii la xabbisay.

Sannaddii 1987 waxay u guurtay oo ay saldhigatay degmada Baafiya (Pavia). Tacliinta sare ayay sii wadatey, dabadeed waxay ka qalinjebisay maaddada dhaqaalaha iyo ganacsiga oo ay shahaadada labaad ka qaadatay Maxadka Yurub ee Tacliinta Sare ee Iskaashiga iyo Horumarka oo taabacsan Jaamacadda Baafiya. Waxay noqotay qoraa iyo haweenay firfircoon oo ka dhex muuqata suugaanta iyo siyaasadda la tacalluqda qaxootiga iyo degiddooda, taas oo ay sannaddii 2002 ku mutaysatay billad uu guddoonsiiyay Golaha Degaanka ee Baafiya.

Filinka kooban ee ay soo wada saareen Simone Brioni, oo ah aqoonyahan iyo turjubaan ka tirsan Jaamacadda Stony Brook, waaxdeeda Afafka, Suugaanta, iyo Dhaqannada Yurub, ayaa wax badan inooga iftiimanaya fekerka Kaaha. Cinwaanka filinku waa La Quarta Via (Jidka Afraad), wuxuu soo baxay 2012, wuxuuna ku salaysan yahay masraxiyad ay Kaahi qortay 2004 oo isla cinwaankaa wadatey. Waa maxay jidadkan afarta ahi, haddaba? Kaaha Maxamed waxay filinka ku furfuraysaa codkeeda iyo muuqeeda oo ina leh erayadan: “Way igu adag tahay in aan Muqdisho ka sheekeeyo, maxaa wacay waa meel aan jeclaaday, meel aan ku noolaaday oo aqaannay, oo aan malaha isa siiyay…hasayeeshee muddooyinkii u danbeeyay aadba mooddo in ay iga gacanbaxday.” Sidaas buu ku bilaabmayaa. Maxaa inooga soo baxaya? Magaalamadaxdii Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya waxay noqotay mid aanu xataa aqoonsan karin qof, sida Kaaha, hore u yaqaannay oo ku soo koray. In laga sheekeeyaana, sida ay Kaahi ku cabbirayso, “waxay la mid tahay in nolosha lagu soo celinayo kolkii ay duntay.”

Haddaba, waana waxa maguuraanka ka dhigaya waxbaqadkan Kaaha e, waxa halkaa inooga bilaabmaya dhadhansiga gaarka ah ee qoraaga iyo sida ay u xasuusato magaaladii aan iminka ahayn tii la ogaa. Afar jid, oo maldahan, ayay u kala qaadaysaa—waana halka magaca filinka (iyo masrixayaddu) ka imanayo e. Afartaas oo isgoys go’an ku soo idlaanaya, dabadeed ay tahay in looga guuro—marka la soo sahamiyo—jid shanaad.

“Waxaan rabaa in aan [magaalada] dib u dhiso, aniga oo u qaabaynaya afar jid oo midiba kan kale ka sarreeyo, halka ugu hooseeyana ay tahay Badweynta Hindiya,” ayay Kaahi ku bilaabaysaa. Kolka la soo koobana, jidadku sidan bay u eg yihiin, mid kastaana midab gaar ah ayuu leeyahay:

Jidka kowaad: cagaar. Waa jidka ugu qadiimsan. Waa jid lahaa dhismayaal naqshadda reer Bariga waafaqsan, oo cadcad. Waa xuddunta loo yiqiin “Xamar-caddey.” Goobaha Islaamka ee midabka nuuradda leh ayaa ka buuxay (masjid, qudbi, mawlac...intuba midab cad leh). Waa qaybta Xamar ee leh masjidyada ugu qadiimsan, dekadda ugu qadiimsan. Wuxuu ahaa jid nool.

Jidka labaad: madow. Waa jid kaa hore ka kormaray, oo ku dhereran, laakiin aanay marna is taabanayn. Waa mugdi, maxaa yeelay wuxuu u taagan yahay nidaamkii Faashistaha ee dunida ilaa halkan soo gaadhay. Waa dhulkii isticmaarka. Waxa ku yaalla guryo isa saarsaaran, oo loo bixiyay Iskuraran. Waana isla goobta dhaqdhaqaaqa gobannimaddoonku ka curtay. Waxa ku yaallay Kiniisadda Weyn ee (Katedraaliyadda) Muqdisho. Dugsigii hoose ee Talyaaniga ayaa ku yaallay. Kolkii Talyaanigu yimi, xudduntii magaaladu way doorsoontay, oo way Talyaaniyawday. 

Jidka saddexaad: casaan. Waa guduud u taagan hantiwadaag. Soomaali badan baa hiil iyo hooba u hurtay qadiyadda hantiwadaagga, si ay uga xoroobaan raadkii gumaystaha iyo caadooyinka gaboobay ee ka dhex jira Soomaalida. Halkan buu Dr.. Maxamed Aadan ku noolaa. Dugsiga sare halkan buu ku yaallay. Waddooyin baaxad leh oo dhexda dhir iyo ubax lagu beeray. Taallooyin u taagan halyeyo ummadeed. Golaha Murtida iyo Madaddaalada, Guriga Hooyooyinka. Wuxuu ahaa jidkii dibudhalashada Soomaaliya. Jidka dhammaadkiisa, dawlad madani ahayd baa isu beddeshay dawlad qabali ah.

Jidka afraad: dameeri. Waa midab liqaya wax kasta oo ka horreeyay. Waa jid tiraya taariikh, ilbaxnimo, hab kasta oo loo noolaa. Waa jidkii dagaaloogayaasha iyo mooryaanta. Waana jidka masaxaya dhammaan jidadkii saddexda ahaa ee hore. Waa jidka keli ah ee aan isku lurin in uu jidadkii hore la noolaado, balse u banbaxay in uu kaba takhalluso. Dameerigu waa midab aan soojiidasho lahayn, oo hurda. Waa midab aan nolol lagu ogayn. Waa jidka qof kasta u diiday in uu Xamar dib u jalleeco. Waxa soo raacay argagaxiso, budhcad, qawlaysato, iyo dagaal sokeeye. Marka jidka la wada hayo, way adag tahay in aad hoy ka hadashid adiga oo aan meel uu kaa xigo garanayn. Waa jidkii burburka. Qaxa. Qaraxa. Qulubka. Waa jidka dhammaadka wax ilaa dura soo taxnaa.

Jidka shanaad: weli ma dhisna. Inta aan la bilaabin dhiskiisa, waa in horta la jantaa. Wixii loo dhaqaaqo, waa laga dhabayn karaa. Waa jidka rejada iyo yididdiilada.

Kaahi waxay qoraalladeeda, iyo waxqabadkeeda guud ahaan, ku dedaalaysaa in ay jidka afraad ku soo bandhigto, kan shanaadna ku saadiso.

Fanku wuxuu jidh lagu aqoonsado u yeelaa aafada insaanka haleesha. Waxqabadka Kaahina halkaas buu ku aroorayaa.

Sidaas bay Kaahi ku tahay qoraa u go’ay soogudbinta yaxyaxa iyo afkalaqaadka ku lammaan jidka afraad, iyo sidoo kale hammuunta iyo jamashada loo qabo jidka shanaad. Sheekadeeda “Apriti sesamo” (Sisin Furfuran) waxaynu kula falgelaynaa shakhsiyadda aan magaceeda la xusayn ee riyoonaysa. Waa gabadh Soomaaliyeed oo gurigeeda Talyaaniga ku yaalla ku sugan. Albaabka waxa u soo istaagaya wiilal caddaan ah oo, si ka duwan caadada dadkan ay taqaannay, wayddiisanaya biyo ay cabbaan. Kolka ay gudaha soo fadhiisiso, ayay ka dareemaysaa in ay u socdeen biyo wax ka badan. Guriga ii dhaafa kolka ay dhahdana, gurigee bay ku jikaarayaan. Way la yaabayaan inantan madow ee guri Talyaani ku yaalla isa siisay. Booliska ay wacday goorta ay u yimaaddaanna, halkii ay ragga daandaansiga iyo adyadda wadey kala hadli lahaayeen, iyada ayay su'aalayaan cidda ay tahay iyo sharciga ay dalka ku joogto. Naxdin bay taasi ku tahay, maaddaama labo toddobaad ka hor uu dalkujooggii ka dhacay, welina aanay cusboonaysiisan. Xabsiga iyada oo loo sii wado, ayay riyada ka toosaysaa. Kolkaas bay inoo sheegaysas in manaamku yahay sida sisinta oo ay tahay in la furfuro oo tabta sisintaba saliid looga miiro, riyadana micne looga dhiijiyo. Fasirka u soo baxayaa waa in qaxooti badani la kadeedan yihiin eelkii ka dhashay jidka afraad, oo waxan ay ku riyootay uu noloshooda xaqiiqo ku yahay.

Waxa la mid ah hooyada siddeetan-jirka kor u dhaaftay ee ku xanniban saldhigga boolis ee Iswiisarlaan, oo ay qaxooti ku tahay, ee ay turjubaanka u tahay shakhsiyadda—mar kale aan la magacdhebayn—ee sheekada “Uno scialle afro-arabeggiante” (Fooddad Afro-Careebiyaan ah). Sheekadu waxay in yar, laakiin la xidhiidhsan waxqabadka kale ee Kaaha sida La Quarta Via, dul istaagaysaa maradan haweenku iminka madaxa ku detaan. U fiirso labada eray ee garbasaar iyo fooddad: waxa laga dhadhansan karaa dhalanroganka ku dhacay maryaha. Berigii hore waxa sugan in garbasaar (maro garbaha la saarayo) ay haweenku qaadan jireen, kolkii danbe ee jidka afraad lagu wada dhacayna waxa xoogaysatay fooddad (waa maro foodda dedaysa, sida eraygu muujinayo: food+dad). Dhanka kale, Hooyadan huwan fooddadda ee jidkii saddexaad ka soo doogtay, kan afraadna afka uga soo gashay, waxay la yaabaysaa afkan ay shakhsiyadda sheekada iyo sarkaalka boolisku ku wada hadlayaan. Waa Af Talyaani kolka ay u sheegtana, oo ma Talyaanigii baynu joognaa bay wayddiinaysaa. Maya, laakiin waa dal saddex af lagaga wada hadlo, ayay ku saxaysaa. “Ma saddex af? Oo ay weliba nabad ku wada dhaqan yihiin?” ayay warsanaysaa. “Hooyo, haddaa waa dad wanaagsan. Inaguna af keli ah baynu isku fahmi kari weynnay!” Hooyadan iyo inantan turjubaanka u ahiba waxay jawaab u yihiin jidka afraad.

Run bay sheegtay cidda tidhi fanku wuxuu jidh lagu aqoonsado u yeelaa aafada insaanka haleesha. Waxqabadka Kaahina halkaas buu ku aroorayaa.

***

Liiska Waxqabadka Kaaha

Inta badan Kaaha Maxamed waxay waxqabadkeeda ku diyaarisaa Af Talyaani, waxoogaa ka mid ah ayaana Ingiriisi loo turjumay. Ayaandarro se, weli midkoodna loo ma rogin Af Soomaali, af ay u badan tahay in dadkiisu ay jidka afraad ku wada taagan yihiin oo ay taasi ka mashquulinayso in waxsoosaarka ku dhigani kordho oo hiddihiisa qoraalku kobco.

Sidaa darteed, halkan waxaynu ku soo ururinaynaa magacyada qoraallada Kaaha (oo aan ka soo xigtay qoraalka kooban ee uu Simone Brioni ka diyaariyay), si ciddii danaynaysaa uga sii ambaqaaddo.

1. Dalmar. La disfavola degli elefanti (Milan: Unicopli, 2019)
2. Fra-intendimenti (Rome: Nottetempo, 2010)
3. ‘I sogni delle extrasignore e le loro padrone’ in La serva serve ed. by Cristina Morini (Milan: Derive Approdi, 2001, pp. 27-31)
4. ‘1982: Fuga da casa’ (El- ghibli, 5, 2004). Online at http://archivio.el-ghibli.org/index.php%3Fid=1&issue=01_05&section=1&index_pos=4.html

1. ‘Apriti Sesamo’ (Nuovi argomenti, 27, 2004, pp. 35-39)
2. ‘Un tè serio bollente’ (Costruzione psicoanalitica, 10, 2005, pp. 59-61)
3. ‘Autopresentazione’ in Forme della diversità: Genere, precarietà, intercultura ed. by Clotilde Barbarulli and Liana Borghi (Cagliari: CUEC, 2006, pp. 17-18)
4. ‘Eeddo Maryan’ (Psiche,1, 2008, pp. 171-173)
5. ‘Soggiorno’ in ABC della precarietà ed. by Il giardino dei ciliegi, Società italiana delle letterate, Le acrobate & corrente alternata, 2013, p. 15 [Originally written for xi ed. of Ad alta voce for the 150th anniversary of the Unification of Italy, 2011]. Online at http://www.ilgiardinodeiciliegi.firenze.it/old/nuovosito/documenti/anno%202014/librino%20abc%20def.pdf  
6. ‘La rana rosa – il mondo che viene e che va’ in Sfogati. La tua storia ha trovato un posto fisso ed. by Marta Zacchigna, 2014. Ebook: https://www.sfogati.net/e-book/
7. Mettiti nei miei panni. Performed and narrated by Kaha Mohamed Aden: Università di Pavia, Pavia, 8 March 2003 (Oral Story)
8. La quarta via. Performed and narrated by Kaha Mohamed Aden: Pavia, 2004 (Oral Story)
9. La valigia della zia. Performed and narrated by Kaha Mohamed Aden: Villa Fiorelli, Prato, 3 September 2005 (Oral Story)
10. Specchio specchio delle mie brame chi è più abile nel reame? Villa Fiorelli, Prato, 23 August 2006 (Theatre Play)
11. La quarta via. Mogadiscio, Italia. Written by Kaha Mohamed Aden and Simone Brioni. Directed by Simone Brioni, Graziano Chiuscuzzu and Ermanno Guida (ITA 2012, 38’, with English subtitles). A selection of reviews of the documentary is available online at https://stonybrook.digication.com/simone_brioni/Documentary_Project
12. ‘Donne e Islam: l’immagine nei media italiani’ in Donne, migrazione, diversità: l’Italia di oggi e di domani ed. by Commissione nazionale per la parità e le pari opportunità tra uomo e donna (Rome: Istituto poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, 2002, pp. 301-305)
13. ‘“Nabad iyo Caano” Pace e latte’ (Africa e Mediterraneo, 81, 2014, pp. 34-38). Online at https://issuu.com/africa_e_mediterraneo/docs/aem_81_web_singole
14. ‘Pour une paix durable’ in Le littératures de la Corne de l’Afrique. Regards croisés ed. by Paola Cabot-Ranzini (Paris: Karthala, 2016, pp. 203-205)
15. ‘Cambio d’abito’ (Africa e Mediterraneo, 86, 2017, pp. 108-111). Online at https://acisnet.files.wordpress.com/2017/11/cambio-dabito-di-kaha-mohamed-aden.pdf

Af Ingiriisi loo turjumay:

1. ‘Open Sesame’ [Translation of ‘Apriti Sesamo’ by Simone Brioni] (Encyclopaedia of Afro-European Studies(Opens in new window), 2013) Online at https://www.academia.edu/11785576/Kaha_Mohamed_Aden_-_http_www.encyclopediaofafroeuropeanstudies.eu_encyclopedia_kaha-mohamed-aden 
2. ‘An Afro-Arabia Shawl’ [Translation of ‘Uno scialle afro-arabeggiante’ by Simone Brioni] (Encyclopaedia of Afro-European Studies, 2013). Available online at https://www.academia.edu/11785576/Kaha_Mohamed_Aden_-_http_www.encyclopediaofafroeuropeanstudies.eu_encyclopedia_kaha-mohamed-aden
3. ‘Granddad Y and the Colours of Allies’ [Translation of ‘Nonno Y e il colore degli Alleati’ by Emily Riley]. Available online at https://www.academia.edu/44432731/Kaha_Mohamed_Aden_Granddad_Y_and_the_Colours_of_Allie